Addressing COP21 using a Stock and Oil Market Integration Index Energy Policy. Energy Policy. 2018;116:127-36. Abstract
Addressing COP21 using a Stock and Oil Market Integration Index Energy Policy
COP21 implementation should lead to a decline in the future demand for fossil fuels. One key implication for investors is how to best manage this risk. We construct a monthly integration index and then demonstrate that oil investors can offset adverse oil price risk by holding various global stock portfolios. The portfolios are formed from eight different combinations of developed and emerging stock markets. We show that measuring the degree of stock-oil market integration for these portfolios is critical to managing the time-varying degrees of integration that exist between oil and stock markets. Importantly, under normal market conditions, when markets are segmented, there is the opportunity for oil investors to diversify the additional energy price risk, caused by COP21, through the purchase of stocks. The optimal oil-stock diversified portfolio provides risk-adjusted positive benefits to investors, with the weightings changing over time as COP21 implementation proceeds.
Can Stock Market Investors Hedge Energy Risk? Evidence from Asia. Energy Economics. 2017;66:559-70. Abstract
Can Stock Market Investors Hedge Energy Risk? Evidence from Asia
The relationship between energy and stock prices is investigated in the context of Asia, including China and Japan. Oil, gas and coal prices are considered both individually and as an energy portfolio. Consistent with evidence from international markets, during the post Global Financial Crisis (GFC) period, Asian stock markets moved in tandem with oil prices. However, using asset pricing and portfolio theory, we identify a time-varying integration between individual stock markets and the energy portfolio, which in turn may limit the benefit of risk reduction through diversification. This relation can also be used to hedge the common factor arising from energy risk. Doing so provides benefits to investors in the form of positive time-varying risk adjusted returns.